Formal education refers to structured learning that usually takes place in schools, or under the guidance of a teacher. In most societies, there are three levels of formal education: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Education is required for young people in most civilized societies. Those who are less civilized educate their young people in their traditions, skills, and culture, though indigenous education.

Primary education is for younger students, or beginning learners. This would be the grade school in most countries, where children from about age 5 to around 12 attend in group classes with a teacher present. They learn basic language skills, writing, reading, arithmetic, and some history, social studies, and geography.

Secondary education picks up from primary education, but explores subjects in more depth. In most countries, this would be the middle schools and high schools, for children 12 to 18 in age. They learn higher levels of mathematics, and science. The naive language may be joined by learning of a foreign language. There will be some elective classes, such as metals class, typing, cooking, and advanced sciences. Upon completion of state requirements, the student receives a diploma to sell that certifies they have completed the courses required.

Tertiary education, or higher education, includes degree studies at universities or colleges. There are three main levels here, Bachelor, Master, and Doctorate degrees. Certain areas of study require all degrees, such as Medical Doctor. Many students will achieve the Bachelor degree, leave school to work and return later for more advanced studies, following the courses for a Master’s or Doctorate degree. Most who complete courses in higher education, or tertiary education, usually receive a degree, a certificate, or a diploma. A shorter course option delivers an Associate Degree. Other courses may be taken that do not result in a formal degree.